Results indicated that, the activities of the 20 muscles on the lower limb during the stance phase of gait could be controlled by three muscle synergies, and total variance accounted for by synergies was 86.42%. The complexity of the representation of a joint in a musculoskeletal system allows for the investigation of the physiological interactions in vivo on the musculoskeletal system, thereby facilitating the decomposition of the muscle synergy. In the present, a lower limb musculoskeletal model coupling a detailed representation of a joint including complex contact behavior and material representations was used for muscle synergy analysis using a decomposition method of non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). However, the interaction between the muscle level and joint level that exists in vivo is an important relationship that influences the biomechanics and neurophysiology of the musculoskeletal system. In previous musculoskeletal modeling-based muscle synergy analysis studies, as a result of simplification of the joints, a conventional rigid-body link musculoskeletal model failed to represent the physiological interactions of muscle activation and joint kinematics.
Previous studies have demonstrated that the central nervous system activates muscles in module patterns to reduce the complexity needed to control each muscle while producing a movement, which is referred to as muscle synergy. 3Faculty of Systems Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.2Graduate School of Systems Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.1Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan.
Sentong Wang 1,2* Kazunori Hase 3* Tetsuro Funato 1
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